diff --git a/build.zig b/build.zig index e8e160e..82a5786 100644 --- a/build.zig +++ b/build.zig @@ -288,6 +288,10 @@ const exercises = [_]Exercise{ .main_file = "56_unions2.zig", .output = "Insect report! Ant alive is: true. Bee visited 16 flowers.", }, + .{ + .main_file = "57_unions3.zig", + .output = "Insect report! Ant alive is: true. Bee visited 17 flowers.", + }, }; /// Check the zig version to make sure it can compile the examples properly. diff --git a/exercises/57_unions3.zig b/exercises/57_unions3.zig new file mode 100644 index 0000000..142180f --- /dev/null +++ b/exercises/57_unions3.zig @@ -0,0 +1,54 @@ +// +// With tagged unions, it gets EVEN BETTER! If you don't have a +// need for a separate enum, you can define an inferred enum with +// your union all in one place. Just use the 'enum' keyword in +// place of the tag type: +// +// const Foo = union(enum) { +// small: u8, +// medium: u32, +// large: u64, +// }; +// +// Let's convert Insect. Doctor Zoraptera has already deleted the +// explicit InsectStat enum for you! +// +const std = @import("std"); + +const Insect = union(InsectStat) { + flowers_visited: u16, + still_alive: bool, +}; + +pub fn main() void { + var ant = Insect{ .still_alive = true }; + var bee = Insect{ .flowers_visited = 17 }; + + std.debug.print("Insect report! ", .{}); + + printInsect(ant); + printInsect(bee); + + std.debug.print("\n", .{}); +} + +fn printInsect(insect: Insect) void { + switch (insect) { + .still_alive => |a| std.debug.print("Ant alive is: {}. ", .{a}), + .flowers_visited => |f| std.debug.print("Bee visited {} flowers. ", .{f}), + } +} + +// Inferred enums are neat, representing the tip of the iceberg +// in the relationship between enums and unions. You can actually +// coerce a union TO an enum (which gives you the active field +// from the union as an enum). What's even wilder is that you can +// coerce an enum to a union! But don't get too excited, that +// only works when the union type is one of those weird zero-bit +// types like void! +// +// Tagged unions, as with most ideas in computer science, have a +// long history going back to the 1960s. However, they're only +// recently becoming mainstream, particularly in system-level +// programming languages. You might have also seen them called +// "variants", "sum types", or even "enums"! diff --git a/patches/patches/57_unions3.patch b/patches/patches/57_unions3.patch new file mode 100644 index 0000000..17e27a2 --- /dev/null +++ b/patches/patches/57_unions3.patch @@ -0,0 +1,4 @@ +18c18 +< const Insect = union(InsectStat) { +--- +> const Insect = union(enum) {